Click chemistry, also known as “link chemistry” and “speed-matching combinatorial chemistry”, is a synthetic concept introduced by chemist K B Sharpless in 2001. splicing, to quickly and reliably complete the chemical synthesis of various molecules. It particularly emphasizes the development of new methods of combinatorial chemistry based on the synthesis of carbon-heteroatom bonds (C-X-C) and the simple and efficient access to molecular diversity by means of these reactions (click reactions). The representative reaction of click chemistry is the copper-catalyzed azide-alkynyl Husigen cycloaddition (Copper-Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition). The concept of click chemistry has greatly contributed to the field of chemical synthesis, and it has become one of the most useful and attractive synthetic concepts in many fields such as drug development and biomedical materials.
The concept of click chemistry was first derived from observations of natural products and biosynthetic pathways. With only more than twenty kinds of amino acids and more than ten kinds of primary metabolites, nature can synthesize very complex biomolecules (proteins and polysaccharides) by splicing tens of millions of units of this type (amino acids, monosaccharides). This process has a clear tendency to “happily” complete this complex splicing by forming carbon-heteroatom bonds. This idea has important implications for drug development and synthesis.
Response characteristics:
- Reaction applies the concept of "combination", which has a wide range of applications;
- high yield;
- by-products are harmless;
- The reaction has strong stereoselectivity;
- The reaction conditions are simple;
- Raw materials and reagents are easily available;
- Fast synthesis reaction;
- Do not use solvents or in a benign solvent, preferably water;
- The product is easily separated by crystallization and distillation, without the need for column separation;
- The product is insensitive to oxygen and water;
- The reaction requires a high thermodynamic driving force (>84kJ/mol);
- Consistent with the atomic economy.
Principle:
There are four main types of click chemistry reactions: cycloaddition reactions, nucleophilic ring-opening reactions, non-aldol carbonyl chemistry, and carbon-carbon multiple bond addition reactions. The widely used click reaction reported in the literature is a cycloaddition reaction between an alkynyl group and an azide group catalyzed by Cu(Ⅰ) to generate a regioselective 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-trisubstituted azoles.
Application:
1. Application in optoelectronic functional molecular materials.
New nonlinear optical materials
Organic, polymer semiconductor materials
Other optoelectronic functional molecular materials
2. Application in organic functional supramolecular structure and information system
Supramolecular aggregates and molecular self-assembly
molecular machine system
Molecular Recognition and Sensing
3. New drug research and development
The application prospects of click chemistry are very broad, for example, it can greatly reduce the investment in new drug research and development.
